Wrench.



C. B. MOULTHROP & L. C. JACKSON.

WRENCH.

APPLICATION FILED JAN-23. 1906.

1,155,158. PatentedSept. 28, 1915.

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CHARLES B. MOULTHROP AND LUCIAN C. JACKSON, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

WRENCH.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 28, 1915 Application filed January 23,1906. Serial No.297,462.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHARLES B. MoUL- 'rnnor and LUCIAN C. JACKSON,citizens of the United States, residing "at Buffalo, in the county ofErie and State of New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Wrenches, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to improvements in wrenches in which the jaws areoperated in conjunction with a ratchet; and the object of ourimprovements is to provide a. self con tained reversible wrench in whichthe ratchet works continuously in one direction so that a nut can betightened by using one side of wrench and loosened by using the otherside. W e attain this object by the mechanism illustrated in theaccompanying drawing, in which Figure l is a plan of one side of thewrench; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal central section on the lines AB of Fig.l and Fig. 3; Fig. 3 is a central longitudinal section on the line CD ofFig. 2; Fig. 4 is a side view of the jaw containing ratchet holes.

Similar figures refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

1 is the body and handle of the wrench, 2 is one jaw fitting into thehead of the wrench in which the ratchet holes 9, 9, &c., are located, 3is a jaw fitting the opposite side of the head of the wrench and screwedinto and bearing against the jaw 2, 4 is a pin fitting in a hole in thehandle of the wrench and having a spring 5 in contact therewith to keepit engaged with the ratchet holes 9, 9 &c., of the jaw 2, 6 is a pocketin jaw 2 of suitable shape for engaging with a nut, 7 is a similarpocket in jaw 3 for engaging with a nut, 8 is a plug in the head of thewrench for filling a hole made in drilling the hole for holding thespring 5 and ratchet pin 4 in the handle and for the purpose of coveringthe ratchet holes 9, 9 &c., 9, 9 &c., are ratchet holes cut in the jaw 9having a straight face on one end for engaging with the pin 4 when thewrench handle is moved in one direction and cut away on the other end toallow the pin 4 to slip from one ratchet hole 9 to the succeedingratchet hole 9 when the wrench handle is moved in the oppositedirection, 10 is a hole through jaw 3 for the reception of a bolt whenits nut is screwed down beyond its end.

The threads on the jaws 2 and 3 and the ratchet holes 9, 9 &c., are cutin such a manner that when the ratchet pin 4 is engaged with the ratchetholes 9, 9 &-c., and the aw 3 is used on a nut the tendency is to keepthe jaws 2 and 3 locked together. The

ratchet holes 9, 9 &c., being cut on the jaw 12 no action takes place tolock or loosen the javt/s 2 and 3 when Q is engaged with a I111 From thedrawing and the description as given the operation of the wrench will bereadily understood.

As shown, when the jaw 2 is engaged with a nut and the handle movedforward and back the nut on a bolt with a right hand thread will beunscrewed, and when the jaw 3 is engaged with a nut and the handle movedforward and back the nut will be tightened on a bolt with a right handthread.

By cutting the ratchet holes 9, 9 &c., opposite from those shown in thedrawing jaw 2 will tighten a nut on a bolt with a right hand thread andaw 3 will loosen a nut on a bolt with a right hand thread.

The pockets 6 and 7 in the jaws 2 and 3 as shown in the drawingaccommodate a square nut but can be made to fit a nut of any desiredshape.

The usual method or" making ratchet holes is to out straight faces onboth ends of the ratchet holes and to flatten the pin on its bearingside (or driving side) and taper the pin on the opposite side to allowit to rise from the ratchet hole.

In our construction the driving ends of the ratchet holes are made roundto conform to the shape of the pin so as to give the pin a bearingsurface of one half of its circumference as shown in Fig. 4. The otherends of the ratchet holes are cut away to allow the ratchet pin 4: torise from the ratchet holes 9, 9 &c. This construction allows the fullstrength of the round ratchet pin 4 to be utilized, also giving themaximum amount of strength of material between the ratchet holes.

The jaws 2 and 3 are designed to freely move in the head of the wrenchwhen tightly locked together.

The construction is such as to inclose the entire ratchet mechanism ofthe wrench thus keeping out all dirt or other foreign substances whichwould be liable to interfere with its operation.

The outer ends of the jaws 9 and 3 as shown, are rounded for conveniencein use when used on railroad tracks, but can be made of any desiredshape.

The end of the ratchet pin 1 which engages the ratchet holes 9, 9, etc,in the jaw 2 is slightly rounded and l'its the bottom of the ratchetholes 9, 9 &c., which are cut on the arc of a circle.

What we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is,

1. In a wrench, in combination with a handle having an annular head,jaws capable of rotation in said head, means for secur ing said jaws insaid head, a cylindrical shaped, spring actuated ratchet pin carried insaid head at an angle with the center line of said jaws andsemi-cylindrically shaped ratchet holes having inclined leads in one ofsaid jaws, the radii of said ratchet pin and said semi-cylindricalratchet holes be ing substantially equal.

2. In a wrench, in combination with a handle having an annular head, ajaw having an external annular seat to fit into said head, ratchet holesin the face of said seat, a ratchet pin and spring mounted in said headto engage said holes and a second jaw externally threaded to engage insaid first mentioned jaw, said threads being cut in the irection totighten when said second jaw is in use.

3. In a wrench, the combination of a nutturning member havingsemi-cylindrically shaped ratchet holes with inclined leads and aratchet mechanism external to, and adapt ed to revolve said nut-turningmember.

4. In a wrench, in combination with a handle and a head, a rotatingpart, one side of said part used to tighten a nut and the opposite sideof said part used to loosen said nut and a ratchet mechanism consistingof a spring and a ratchet pin, said pin having a uniform diameter withits axis at an angle with the axis of said rotating part and beingoperative when bearing on any side.

5. In a wrench, the combination of a handle and a head formed of asingle piece of material having a hole formed through the head for thereception of two jaws inserted from opposite sides and locked to getherand held in place by means of threads, one of said jaws suitable fortightening a nut and the other of said jaws suitable for loosening saidnut and a cylindrical ratchet pin having a uniform diameter, said pinbeing operated by means of a spring in contact with one end.

6. In a wrench, the combination of two jaws screwed together, one ofsaid jaws having an inside thread and ratchet holes formed on its outersurface in such a manner that the driving or hearing end of said ratchetholes bear on one-half the circumference of a round ratchet pin, and theother of said jaws having an outside thread,

said thread and ratchet holes formed in such a manner that when the jawwith outside thread is used on a nut the tendency is to keep the jawslocked together, and an inclosed ratchet mechanism.

7. The combination, in a wrench of a handle and a head formed of asingle piece of material and a rotating part composed of two oppositeand projecting jaws screwed together and an inclosed ratchet mechanismcomposed of a cylindrical ratchet pin and a spring, said pin operatingat an angle with the axis of said rotating part and with semicylindricalratchet holes of substantially the same diameter as said ratchet pin andinclined leads to said holes.

8. In a wrench, in combination with a handle having an annular head, twoopposite and projecting jaws screwed together, said jaws being reducedin size at their outer extremities, one of said jaws having an insidethread and ratchet holes formed on its outer surface in such a mannerthat the driving or hearing end of said ratchet holes bear on onehalfthe circumference of a round ratchet pin, and the other of said jawshaving an outside thread, said thread and ratchet holes formed in such amanner that when the jaw with outside thread is used on a nut thetendency is to keep the jaws locked together and a ratchet mecha nism.

9. In a wrench, a nut-turning member having curved ratchet teeth and acurved ratchet pin, said pin external to and adapted to engage in saidteeth whereby said member may be rotated.

10. A wrench having a handle and a head formed of a single piece ofmaterial, a hole formed through said head for the reception of two jawslocked together and held in place by means of threads, a recess in thehandle suitable for holding a ratchet pin and a spring in contacttherewith, said ratchet pin being free to revolve about its axis andbeing operative when bearing on any side.

11. In a ratchet wrench having an inclosed ratchet mechanism, thecombination of a rotating part, one side of said part adapted to tightena nut and the other side of said part adapted to loosen said nut with aratchet pin one end of which engages with suitable holes in saidrotating part, said pin being operative when bearing on any side.

12. In a ratchet wrench having an inclosed ratchet mechanism, thecombination of two opposite jaws screwed together, one of which isadapted to tighten a nut and the other of which is adapted to loosensaid nut, and a ratchet pin operative when bearing on any side and oneend of which engages with suitable holes in one of said jaws.

13. In a ratchet wrench having an inclosed ratchet mechanism, thecombination of a rotating part, one side of said part adapted to tightena nut and the other side of said part adapted to loosen said nut, aratchet pin, one end of which engages with suitable holes in saidrotating part, said pin being free to revolve axially and operative whenbearing on any side and a spring in contact with said pin.

14. In a wrench. the combination of a handle and a head formed of asingle piece of material having a hole formed through the head for thereception of a rotating part, one side of which is adapted to tighten anut and the other side of which is adapted to loosen said nut, a recessin the handle suitable for holding a ratchet pin, said pin being free torevolve axially and one end of which engages with suitable holes in saidrevolving part and a spring in contact with said pin.

15. In a wrench. the combination of a handle and a head formed of asingle piece of material having a hole formed through said head for thereception of two opposite and projecting jaws screwed together by meansof threads, said jaws being revolved by means of a round ratchet pinoperating in connection with ratchet holes constructed on the outersurface of one jaw and bearing on one-half the circumference of saidratchet pin, in such a manner that both jaws are free to move in onedirection whereby one of said jaws will tighten a nut and the other ofsaid jaws will loosen a nut.

16. In a wrench, the combination of a revolving nut-turning membercomposed of two jaws fastened together by means of threads in such amanner that when in use on a nut the said jaws are kept locked togetherand a ratchet pin one end of which engages with suitable ratchet holesin one of said jaws.

17. The combination, in a wrench of a rotating part, said rotating partbeing composed of two separate members and each of said members havingjaws one of which is adapted to tighten a nut and the other of which isadapted to loosen said nut, and a ratchet pin. one end of which engageswith suitable holes in said rotating part and being operative whenbearing on any side.

18. In a wrench in Which the handle and head are formed of a. sii'iglepiece of material, the combination of an inclosed ratchet pin and anut-turning member projecting on opposite sides of said head, said pinoperative when bearing on any side and having its axis at an angle withthe axis of said nutturning part.

19. In a wrench, the combination of a nutturning member, one side ofwhich is adapted to tighten a nut and the opposite side of which isadapted to loosen a nut, said member having semi-cylindrically shapedratchet holes and a ratchet pin with its axis at an angle with the axisof said member and having radii substantially equal to the radii of saidsemi-cylindrically shaped ratchet holes.

20. In a wrench, a handle, a head and a nut-turning member, one side ofsaid member adapted to tighten a nut and the opposite side of saidmember adapted to loosen a nut, said member adapted to be revolved bymeans of a ratchet pin operating at an angle with the axis of saidmember and in connection with curved ratchet holes with inclined leadsin said member.

21. In a wrench, the combination of a handle. a head, a nut turningmember and a ratchet mechanism, external to said head, said ratchetmechanism consisting of a ratchet pin and a spring, said member havingcurved ratchet holes with inclined leads and adapted to be revolved bymeans of said ratchet pin whereby one portion of said member willtighten a nut and another portion of said member will loosen a nut.

In a wrench. the combination With a nut-turning member of a curvedratchet pin adapted to revolve said nut-turning member, said pinengaging with said member at an angle to its axis.

:23. In a wrench, a nutturning member adapted to rotate a nut, saidmember having ratchet teeth formed by two surfaces meeting at an angle,one of which surfaces is curved, means to hold said member and means toengage with said teeth to rotate said member.

2 t. In a wrench, a rotating member having ratchet teeth formed by themeeting of two surfaces at an angle and forming a curved line ofintersection and means to engage in said teeth whereby said member maybe rotated.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES B. MOULTHROP. LUCIAN G. JACKSON.

lVitnesses:

CLINTON T. HORTON, ALFRED HURRELL.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

